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The soldier caste has anatomical and behavioural specialisations, and their sole aim is to defend the colony. Many soldiers have large heads with exceptionally modified strong jaws so enlarged they cannot feed themselves. Instead, like juveniles, they are fed by employees.5556 Fontanelles, easy holes in the forehead that exude defensive secretions, are a feature of their family Rhinotermitidae.57 Many species have been readily identified using the characteristics of the soldiers' bigger and darker head and large mandibles.53 Among certain termites, soldiers may use their globular (phragmotic) heads to obstruct their narrow tunnels.58 Different sorts of soldiers include minor and significant soldiers, and nasutes, which have a horn-like nozzle frontal projection (a nasus).53 These unique soldiers are able to spray noxious, sticky secretions containing diterpenes at their enemies.59 Nitrogen fixation plays an important role in nasute nutrition.60.
The reproductive caste of a mature colony includes a prosperous female and man, known as the queen and king.61 The queen of the colony is responsible for egg production for its colony. Unlike in ants, the king mates with her for life.62 In certain species, the abdomen of this queen swells up radically to increase fecundity, a feature known as physogastrism.61 Depending on the species, the queen starts producing reproductive winged alates at a certain time of year, and enormous swarms emerge from the colony when nuptial flight begins.
A young termite nymph. Nymphs first moult into employees, but others may farther moult to become soldiers alates.
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Termites are often compared with the social Hymenoptera (ants and various species of bees and wasps), but their differing evolutionary origins result in significant differences in life cycle. In the eusocial Hymenoptera, the employees are entirely female. Men (drones) are haploid and develop from unfertilised eggs, while females (both employees and the queen) are both diploid and grow from fertilised eggs.
Depending on species, both male and female employees may have different roles in a termite colony.63.
The life cycle of a termite begins with an egg, but is different from that of a bee or ant in that it goes through a developmental process called incomplete metamorphosis, with egg, nymph and adult stages.64 Nymphs resemble little adults, and go through a series of moults as they grow.
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The development of nymphs into adults can take his comment is here months; the time period depends on food availability, temperature, and the general population of this colony. Since nymphs are unable to feed themselves, workers must feed them, but employees also take part in the social life of the colony and have certain other activities to accomplish like foraging, building or maintaining the nest or tending to the queen.5367 Pheromones govern the caste system in termite colonies, preventing Your Domain Name all but a very few of those termites from becoming fertile queens.68.
Termite alates only leave the colony when a nuptial flight occurs. Alate males and females pair up together and then land in search of a suitable spot for a colony.70 A termite king and queen do not mate until they find such a spot. When they perform , they excavate a room big enough for both, close up the entrance and move to partner.70 After mating, the pair never go outdoors and spend the rest of their lives in the nest.
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For example, alates in certain species emerge during the daytime in summer while some emerge during the winter.71 The nuptial flight may also begin at dusk, when the alates swarm around areas with lots of lights. The time when nuptial flight begins depends on the environmental conditions, the time of day, humidity, wind speed and precipitation.71 The number of termites in a colony also fluctuates, with the bigger species typically having 1001,000 individuals.
The queen only lays 1020 eggs in the very early stages of the colony, but lays as many as 1,000 a day when the colony is a More Help few years old.53 At adulthood, a primary queen has a fantastic capacity to lay eggs. In some species, the adult queen has a greatly distended abdomen and might create 40,000 eggs a day.72 Both mature ovaries may have some 2,000 ovarioles every.73 The abdomen increases the queen's body length to several times more than prior to mating and reduces her ability to move freely; attendant workers offer assistance.